Local Anaesthetics

Preparations

1. Lidocaine (lignocaine):
   0.5–2% for nerve block, 1–5% topically;
   XYLOCAINE, GESICAIN 4% topical solution, 2% jelly, 2% viscous, 5% ointment, 1% and 2% injection (with or without adrenaline), 5% heavy (for spinal anaesthesia); 100 mg/ml spray (10 mg per puff)
2. Bupivacaine:
   0.25–0.5% for nerve block, 0.5–0.75% for spinal anaesthesia;
   MARCAIN 0.5%, 1% (hyperbaric for spinal anaesthesia). SENSORCAINE 0.25%, 0.5% inj, 0.5% heavy inj.
3. Tetracaine (Amethocaine):
   0.25% for nerve block, 0.25–0.5% for spinal anaesthesia, 1% topically;
   ANETHANE powder for preparing solution, 1% oint.
4. Eutectic Lidocaine-prilocaine:
   5% for cutaneous anaesthesia; PRILOX 5% cream
5. Dibucaine:
   0.25–0.5% for nerve block and spinal anaesthesia, 1% for surface anaesthesia;
   NUPERCAINE 0.5% inj, NUPERCAINAL 1% oint, in OTOGESIC 1% ear drops.
6. Benzocaine:
   5–20% topically;
   PROCTOQUINOL 5% oint., ZOKEN 20% gel.
7. Butylaminobenzoate:
   1–5% topically;
   PROCTOSEDYL-M 1% oint with framycetin and hydrocortisone for anal application.
8. Benoxinate:
   0.4% for corneal anaesthesia;
   BENDZON 0.4% eye drops.
9. Oxethazaine:
   0.2% for gastric mucosal anaesthesia;
   MUCAINE 0.2% in alumina gel + magnesium hydroxide suspension; 5–10 ml orally. TRICAINE-MPS: Oxethazaine 10 mg with methyl polysiloxane 125 mg, alum. hydroxide gel 300 mg, mag. hydroxide 150 mg per 5 ml gel.

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Classification

A. Injectable anaesthetic

1. Low potency, short duration
   Procaine
   Chloroprocaine
2. Intermediate potency and duration
   Lidocaine (Lignocaine)
   Prilocaine
3. High potency, long duration
   Tetracaine (Amethocaine)
   Bupivacaine
   Ropivacaine
   Dibucaine (Cinchocaine)

B. Surface anaesthetic

Soluble
Cocaine
Lidocaine
Tetracaine
Benoxinate

Insoluble
Benzocaine
Butylaminobenzoate (Butamben)
Oxethazaine